Cyber Laws of Different Countries
Different countries have enacted their own national cyber laws keeping in mind their own national requirements. Variety of these cyber laws have been influenced by broad framework principles provided by the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. The national cyber laws of different countries are detailed as under:-
Albania
Law No. 9887 on the Protection of Personal Data (in English)
Law 9880 of 25/02/2008 on Electronic Signatures (in English, official translation)
Algeria
Andorra
Llei 6/2009, del 29 de desembre, de signatura electrònica (Protection of Electronic Signatures)
Llei 20/2014, del 16 d.octubre, reguladora de la contractació electrònica i dels operadors que desenvolupen la seva activitat econòmica en un espai digital (on regulating electronic contracting and operators that develop their economic activity in a digital space)
Antigua and Barbuda
Electronic Transactions Act 2006 (in English)
Data Protection Act 2013 (in English)
Antigua and Barbuda Constitutional Order 1981 (in English)
Computer Misuse Act 2006 (in English)
Argentina
Codigo Civil y Comercial de la Nacion (in Spanish)
The Digital Signature Act (Law 25.506) (in Spanish)
Ley 25.326 de Protección de los Datos Personales (in Spanish)
Ley 26.388 de Ley de Delitos Informáticos (in Spanish)
Armenia
On Electronic Document and Electronic Signature (in English)
Law of the Republic of Armenia on the Protection of Personal Data (in English)
Australia
Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (in English)
Telecommunication (Interception and Access) Act No 114 of 1979 as amended in 2012 (in English)
Austria
Signaturgesetz – SigG, BGBl. I Nr. 190/1999 (in Dutch)
Datenschutzgesetz 2000 (in German)
Azerbaijan
Law on Digital Electronic Signature 2004 (in English)
Law on Personal Data 2010 (in Azerbaijani)
Bahamas
The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act (in English)
Data Protection (Privacy of Personal Information) Act 2003 (in English)
Computer Misuse Act 2003, Sections 9, 1, 12 (in English)
Bahrain
Legislative Decree no. 28 of 2002 with respect to Electronic Transactions (in English)
Law No. 60 of 2014 concerning Information Technology Crimes (in Arabic)
Bangladesh
The Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006 (in English)
Barbados
Electronic Transactions Act, 2001 (in English)
Data Protection Bill 2005 (in English)
Electronic Transactions Act, 2001 (in English)
Computer Misuse Act of 2005 – CMA (in English)
Belarus
Law on Electronic Documents No. 357-Z of 10 January 2000 (in Russian)
Belgium
Belize
Electronic Transactions Act, Chapter 290:01 – Revised Edition 2003 (in English)
Benin
Bhutan
Bhutan Information, Communications and Media Act 2006 (in English)
Bhutan Information Communications and Media Act 2006 (in Dzongkha)
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Službeni Glasnik BiH 91/06 (Law of 14/11/2006) (in Bosnian)
Law on the Protection of Personal Data (in English)
Law on the Protection of Personal Data (in Bosanski)
Botswana
Chapter 08:06 Cybercrime and Computer Related Crimes (no 22) of 2007 (in English)
Brazil
Protection of Personal Data Bill 2011 (in Portuguese)
Brunei Darussalam
Electronic Transactions Act (revised in 2008) (in English)
Law for Protection of Personal Data (in English)
Law for Protection of Personal Data (in Bulgarian)
Bulgaria
Закон за Електронния Документ и Електронния Подпис (Обн., ДВ, бр. 34 от 2001 г.) (in Bulgarian)
Burkina Faso
Loi n° 010-2004/AN Portant Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel (in French)
Cape Verde
Decree-Law No. 33/2007 (in Portuguese)
Decree-Law No. 42/2006 (in Portuguese)
Decree-Law No. 44/2009 (in Portuguese)
Lei n° 133/V/2001 of 22 January 2001 (in Portuguese)
Cameroon
Loi No 2010/021 of 21 decembre 2010 Régissant le commerce électronique au Cameroun (in French)
Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Law from 2010 – Loi No 2010/012 (in French)
Canada
Uniform Electronic Commerce Act 1999 (in English)
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (in English and French)
Chile
Electronic Signatures Law of the People’s Republic of China of 2004 (in English)
Law 19.628 of 1999 (in Spanish)
China
Colombia
Law 1266 of 2008- Habeas Data Act (in English, unofficial translation)
Costa Rica
Ley de Certificados, Firmas Digitales y Documentos Electrónicos, Ley No. 8454 (in Spanish)
Ley N° 63: Código Civil (in Spanish)
Côte d’Ivoire
Loi n°2013-546 du 30 juillet 2013 relative aux transactions électroniques (in French)
Loi No. 2013-451 du juin 2013 relative a la lutte contre la cybercriminalite
Croatia
Electronic Signature Act (in English, provisional translation)
Act on Personal Data Protection (in English)
Cuba
Resolución 49/2001 del Ministro de la Informática y las Comunicaciones (in Spanish)
Proyecto el nuevo Código Penal (in Spanish)
Cyprus
The Processing of Personal Data (Protection of the Individual) Law (in English)
Czech Republic
Law on Personal Data Protection (in English)
Law on Personal Data Protection (in Czech)
Law on Cyber Security (in English
Denmark
Lov om elektroniske signaturer Nr. 417 (in Danish)
Act on Processing of Personal Data (in English)
Dominica
Electronic Transactions Act, Act 13 of 2013 (in English)
Electronic Evidence Act, Act 13 of 2010 (in English)
Electronic Funds Transfer Act No. 17 of 2013 (in English)
Dominican Republic
Ley No.53-07, sobre Crímenes y Delitos de AltaTecnología, del 23 de abril de 2007 (in Spanish)
Ecuador
Protection of Privacy and Personal Data Bill 2016
Egypt
Law No 15 of 2004 on Electronic Signatures (in English)
El Salvador
Ley de firma electrónica de El Salvador (in Spanish)
Constitution of the Republic of El Salavador, 1983, as Amended to 2003, article 2 (in English)
Estonia
Data Protection Act (in English)
Fiji
Electronic Transactions Promulgation 2008 (in English)
Crimes Decree 2009 – Division 6 on Computer Offences – Ss 336 – 346 (in English)
Finland
Personal Data Act (in English, unofficial translation)
France
Law relating to the protection of individuals against the processing of personal data (in English)
Gabon
Loi n°001/2011 relative à la protection des données à
caractère personnel (in French)
Draft Law on Cybercrime
Gambia
Information and Communications Act No. 2 of 2009 (in English)
Georgia
Law of Georgia on Personal Data Protection (in English)
Law of Georgia on Personal Data Protection (in Georgian)
Germany
VwVfG Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz, I B 25 (in German)
Federal Data Protection Act (in English)
Bundesdatenschutzgesetz – BDSG (in German)
Ghana
Electronic Transactions Act, Act No. 772 (in English)
Data Protection Act (Act No. 843) 2012 – DPA (in English)
Greece
Law on the Protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data (in English)
Grenada
Electronic Transactions Act, 2008 (in English)
Electronic Crimes Act, 2013 (in English)
Guatemala
Ley para el Reconocimiento de las Comunicaciones y Firmas Electrónicas (in English)
Guinea
Loi sur les transactions électroniques, 06/2016 (in French)
Projet de loi sur la cybercriminalité
Guyana
Draft Electronic Commerce Act (in English)
Haiti
Décret du 29 janvier 2016 portant sur la signature électronique (in French)
Honduras
Ley Sobre Firma Electrónicas – Descreto No. 149-2013 (in Spanish)
Ley Sobre Comercio Electrónico (in Spanish)
Hungary
Act on Informational Self-Determination and Freedom of Information (in English)
Iceland
Lög nr. 28/2001 um rafrænar umdirskriftir (in Icelandic)
Law on the Protection and Processing of Personal Data 1989 (in English)
India
Information Technology Act 2000 (in English)
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Electronic Commerce Act 2004 (in English)
Electronic Commerce Act 2004 (in Persian)
Law on Electronic Commerce (in English)
Law 71063 on Computer Crimes (in Persian)
Computer Crimes Law (in English)
Iraq
Law no. 78 of 2012 (in English)
Ireland
Electronic Commerce Act, 2000 (in English)
Data Protection Act, 1988 (in English)
Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 (in English)
Israel
Electronic Signature Law, 5761-2001 (in English, unofficial translation)
Privacy Protection Act 1981 (in English)
Computers Law of 1995 (in English)
Italy
Decreto Legislativo 7 marzo 2005, n. 82 Codice dell’amministrazione digitale (in Italian)
Jamaica
Electronic Transactions Act No 15 of 2006 (in English)
The Constitution of Jamaica (in English)
Electronic Transactions Act No 15 of 2006 (in English)
Cybercrimes Act 2010 (in English)
Japan
Act on the Protection of Personal Information (in English, unofficial translation)
Jordan
Electronic Transactions Law No. 85 of 2001 (in English)
Information Systems Crime Law no 30 of 2010 (in Arabic)
Kazakhstan
Law on personal data and their protection, 21 May 2013 (in Russian)
Kenya
Kenya Information and Communication Act, 1998 (in English)
Data Protection Bill 2012 (in English)
Framework Act on Electronic Documents and Transactions Act No. 11461 (in English)
Cybercrime and Computer Related Crimes Bill, 2014
Republic of Korea
Digital Signature Act No. 5792/1999 (in English)
Korea’s Personal Information Protection Act was promulgated in 2011 as amended (in English)
Kuwait
Law No. 20 of 2014 (in English)
Draft Law on Combating Internet Crime
Kyrgyzstan
Law on Personal Data 2008 (in English, unofficial transalation)
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Electronic Transactions Law 2012 (in English, unofficial tranlastion)
Latvia
Elektronisko dokumentu likums (in Latvian)
Law on Protection of Personal Data of Natural Persons (in English)
Liberia
Electronic Transactions Law (in English)
Liechtenstein
Gesetz vom 18. September 2003 über elektronische Signaturen – Signaturgesetz (in German)
Gesetz über die Abänderung des Datenschutzgesetzes, 2002 (in German)
Lithuania
Elektroninio parašo įstatymas 2000 m. liepos 11 d. Nr. VII-1822 (in Lithuanian)
Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data (in English)
Luxembourg
Data Protection Law (in English)
Madagascar
Law N° 2014-024 on Electronic Transactions (in French)
Law N° 2014-025 on Electronic Signature (in French)
Loi n°2014-006 sur la lutte contre la cybercriminalité (in English)
Malaysia
Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (in English)
Akta Perdagangan Elektronik 2006 (in Malay)
Digital Signature Act 1997 (in English)
Akta Tandatangan Digital 1997 (in Malay)
Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (in English)
Computer Crimes Act 1997 (in English)
Malta
Electronic Commerce Act 2002 (in English)
Data Protection Act 2001 (in English)
Mauritania
Mauritius
Electronic Transactions Act 2000 (in English)
Data Protection Act 2004 (in English)
Mexico
Código Civil Federal última reforma 24/12/2013 (in Spanish)
Código de Comercio última reforma 13/06/2014 (in Spanish)
Código Fiscal de la Federación última reforma 14/03/2014 (in Spanish)
Ley de Firma Electrónica Avanzada publicada el 11 de enero de 2012 (in Spanish)
Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares 2010 (in Spanish)
Monaco
Loi n° 1.383 du 2 août 2011 sur l’Economie Numérique (in French)
Act controlling personal data processing 1993 (in English)
Mongolia
Law on Electronic Signatures (in English)
Montenegro
Law on Electronic Signatures (in English)
Law on Personal Data Protection 2008 (in English)
Morocco
Law no. 53-05 on Electronic Exchange of Legal Data (in French)
Myanmar
Electronic Transactions Law – The State Peace and Development Council Law No. 5/2004 (in English)
Computer Science Development Law 1996
Nepal
Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008) (in English)
Right to Information Act, 2064 (2007) (in English)
Netherlands
Personal Data Protection Act 1998 (in Dutch)
Personal Data Protection Act (in English, unofficial translation)
New Zealand
Electronic Transactions Act 2002 (in English)
Nicaragua
Ley 729 Ley de Firma Electrónica, Agosto 2010 (in Spanish)
Ley No. 787 Ley de Protección de Datos Personales (in Spanish)
Nigeria
Electronic Commerce Bill 2011 (in English)
Cybercrime Act 2015 (in English)
Norway
Personal Data Act (2000, amended 2012)
Freedom of Information Act (1970 as amended 2003)
Oman
Electronic Transactions Law – Royal Decree no. 69 of 2008 (in English)
Paraguay
Ley 1682/2001 Reglamenta la Informacion de Caracter Privado (in Spanish)
Código Penal 1160/1997 y la ley que lo modifica y amplía ley 4439/2011 (in Portuguese)
Peru
Law 27269 of 2000 – Law on Digital Signatures and Certification (in Spanish)
Ley N° 29733 – Ley de Protección de Datos Personales (in Spanish)
Ley Nº 30096 y 30171 – Ley de Delitos Informáticos (in Spanish)
Philippines
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (in English)
Data Privacy Act of 2012 (in English)
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (in English)
Poland
Ustawa z dnia 18 września 2001 r. o podpisie
Act on the Protection of Personal Data 1997 (in English)
Portugal
Decreto-lei no. 290-D/99, de 2 de Agosto (in Portuguese)
Decreto-lei no. 375/99, de 18 de Setembro (in Portuguese)
Decreto-lei no. 62/2003, de 3 de Abril (in Portuguese)
Lei da proteçao de dados pessoais 1991 (in Portuguese)
Qatar
Decree Law No 16 of 2010 (in English, unofficial translation)
Law No. 13 of 2016 Concerning Privacy and Protection of Personal Data
Cybercrime Prevention Law (Law No. 14 of 2014) (in Arabic)
Telecommunications Law (No. 34) 2006 (in English and Arabic)
Republic of Moldova
Law on Personal Data Protection 2007 (in English, unofficial translation)
Romania
Lege nr. 455 din 18 iulie 2001 privind semnătura electronică (in Romanian)
Law on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data etc (2001)
Russian Federation
Federal Law No. 63-FZ on electronic signatures (in English, unofficial translation)
Federal Law Regarding Personal Data 2006 (in English)
Criminal Code 1996 (in English
Rwanda
Law No. 18 of 2010 (in English, French and Kinyarwanda)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Electronic Transactions Act 2011 (in English)
Electronics Crimes (Amendment) Bill 2012 (in English
Saint Lucia
Data Protection Act 2011 (in English)
Electronic Crimes Bill 2009 (in English)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Electronic Transactions Act 2007 (in English)
Samoa
Electronic Transactions Act 2008 (in English)
The Telecommunication Act No 20/2005 lately amended in 2008 (in English)
San Marino
Legge 20 luglio 2005, n. 115 sul documento informatico e la firma elettronica (in Italian)
Saudi Arabia
Electronic Transactions Law No. 18 of 2007 (in English)
Law No. 79 on Combating Information Technology Crime Law 2007 (in English
Senegal
Loi N°2008-08 du 25 janvier 2008 sur les transactions électroniques (in French)
Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la protection des données à caractère personnel (in French)
Serbia
Electronic Signature Law (in English)
Law on Personal Data Protection 2008 (in English)
Seychelles
Electronic Transactions Act 2001 (in English)
Data Protection Act 2003 (in English)
Computer Misuse Act No. 17 of 1998 (in English)
Singapore
Electronic Transactions Act 2010, Cap 88 (in English)
Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (in English)
Computer Misuse and Cybersecurity Act (Cap 50A) Revised in 2007 (in English
Slovakia
Zakon c. 215/2002 Z.z.o elektronickom podpise a o zmene a doplneni niektorych zakonov (in Slovak)
Act on the Protection of Personal Data 1992 (in English)
Personal Data Protection Act 1990 (in English)
Slovenia
Zakon o elektronskem poslovanju na trgu, Uradni list Republike Slovenije št. 61/2006 (in Slovenian)
South Africa
Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002 (in English)
Spain
Ley 59/2003, de 19 de diciembre, de firma electrónican (in Spanish)
Organic Law 15/1999 on Personal Data Protection (in Spanish)
Organic Law 15/1999 on Personal Data Protection (in English, unofficial translation)
Law 25/2007 on data retention (in Spanish)
Sri Lanka
Electronic Transactions Act, No 19 of 2006 (in English)
Payment Devices Frauds Act 2006 (in English)
Computer Crime Act No 24 2007 (in English )
Sudan
Electronic Transactions Act, 2007 (in English)
Cyber Crimes Act 2007 (in English)
Suriname
The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname, Article 17 (in English)
Telecommunications Act – No. 151 of 2004 (in Dutch
Sweden
Lag (2000:832) om kvalificerade elektroniska signaturer (in Swedish)
Personal Data Act 1998 (in English)
Switzerland
Bundesgesetz vom 19. Dezember 2003 über
Zertifizierungsdienste im Bereich der elektronischen Signatur – ZertEs (in German)
Federal Act on Data Protection, 1992 (in English)
Thailand
Electronic Transactions Act 2001 (in English)
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Law on Electronic Commerce 2007 (in English)
Law on Personal Data Protection (in English, unofficial translation)
Tonga
Computer Crimes Act 2003 (in English)
Trinidad and Tobago
Electronic Transactions Act, No. 6 of 2011, Chap 22:05 (in English)
Data Protection Act 2011 (in English)
The Constitution of the Rpublic of Trinidad and Tobago (in English)
Trinidad and Tobago Cyber Security Agency Bill, 2015 (in English)
The Cybercrime Bill 2015 (in English)
Computer Misuse Act No. 86 of 2000 (in English
Tunisia
Law no 83 of 2000 on Electronic Commerce and Exchanges (in English, unofficial translation)
Turkey
Elektronik Imza Kanunu No 5070 (in Turkish)
Law on the Regulation of E-commerce, Law No. 6563 (in Turkish)
Turkish Criminal Law (in English)
Turkmenistan
Law on Electronic Documents (in English, unofficial translation)
Uganda
Electronic Signatures Act, 2011 (in English)
The Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019 (in English)
Computer Misuse Act, 2011 (in English)
Ukraine
On the electronic digital signature No. 852-IV of 22 May 2003 (in English)
On the electronic digital signature No. 852-IV of 22 May 2003 (in Ukranian)
On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Circulation No. 851-IV of 22 May 2003 (in Ukranian)
Law on Personal Data Protection 2011 (in English)
United Arab Emirates
Federal Law no. 1 of 2006 on Electronic Commerce and Transactions (in English)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Network and Information Systems Regulations of 2018 (NIS Regulations)
Electronic Communications Act 2000 (in English)
Data Protection Act 1998 (in English)
United States of America
Privacy Act of 1974 (in English)
Uruguay
Vanuatu
Electronic Transactions Act No 24 of 2000 (in English)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
LEY ESPECIAL CONTRA LOS DELITOS INFORMÁTICOS, 2001 (in Spanish)
Ley contra la Delincuencia Organizada 2005 (in Spanish)
Vietnam
Law on E-Transactions 2005 (in English)
Law on Protection of Consumers’ Rights 2010 (in English)
Yemen
Law of the Right of Access to Information 2012 (in English)
Zambia
The Cybersecurity And Cybercrimes Draft Bill, 2017
The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2009
Zimbabwe
Draft Data Protection Bill 2016
The Electronic Transactions and Electronic Commerce Bill , 2013